Efectos clínicos a largo plazo en niños intoxicados con plomo en una región del sur de Chile

Abstract

Background: In 1996 there was a massive lead poisoning in a southern rural community in Chile. The contamination source was a mill whose grinding stone was repaired with lead and contaminated the flour. Aim: To assess the presence of sequelae ten years later, among subjects that were exposed to lead on that occasion. Material and methods: Cross sectional study of 77 individuals (47 males), aged 10 to 25 years, that were exposed to lead in 1996 and were treated with EDTA. Results: Twenty one percent of subjects had a subnormal intellingence quotient (IQ). The risk of having a low IQ was significantly higher among those exposed before the age of six years. IQ was significantly lower among subjects that, immediately after the exposure, had a lead level over 48 μg/dl, compared with those that had a lead level below 43 μ g/dl (86.7 ±7.3 and 93 ±11.6 respectively). No subjects with high blood pressure or evidences of nephrotoxicity were detected. Conclusions: Subjects agedless than six years at the moment of lead exposure had a lower IQ when assessed ten years later (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137: 1037-44).